Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar as vivências de treinadoras de futebol em cursos de certificação oferecidos pela CBF Academy. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com seis treinadoras, notamos que os cursos ainda são majoritariamente ministrados por homens e para homens. Ao passo que os treinadores se expõem constantemente e sentem-se seguros para isso, as treinadoras relatam desconforto e uma constante reflexão sobre o seu posicionamento para provar sua capacidade de ocupar aquele ambiente. Esse cenário é transformado ao longo do curso à medida que as treinadoras se posicionam e tem seu conhecimento e competência reconhecidos para ocupar esse espaço. Mesmo com esses desafios, as treinadoras reconhecem essa experiência como positiva principalmente pelos relacionamentos e conteúdos proporcionados. Os conhecimentos deste estudo podem auxiliar na proposta de mudanças que favoreçam uma maior participação de treinadoras em cursos de certificação no futebol e em outros esportes. Academy sentemse sentem isso ambiente espaço desafios proporcionados esportes

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar las experiencias de las entrenadoras de fútbol en los cursos de certificación ofrecidos por la Academia CBF. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a seis entrenadoras, notamos que los cursos aún son, mayoritariamente, impartidos por hombres y para hombres. Mientras los entrenadores se exponen constantemente y se sienten seguros al hacerlo, las entrenadoras reportan incomodidad y reflexión constante sobre su posicionamiento para demostrar su capacidad para ocupar ese ambiente. Este escenario se va transformando a lo largo del curso a medida que las entrenadoras se posicionan y se les reconoce su conocimiento y competencia para ocupar este espacio. Aún con estos desafíos, las entrenadoras reconocen esta experiencia como positiva, principalmente por las relaciones y el contenido brindado. El conocimiento de este estudio puede ayudar en la propuesta de cursos que favorezcan una mayor participación de las entrenadoras en cursos de certificación en fútbol. CBF son mayoritariamente hacerlo ambiente espacio desafíos positiva brindado

Abstract This study aimed to explore the experiences of women football coaches in certification courses offered by the CBF Academy of the Brazilian Football Confederation. Drawing on semi-structured interviews carried out with six female coaches, we found that the courses are still mostly taught by men and for men. While men regularly feel at ease and safe to speak their minds, women report discomfort and constant reflection on their behavior to prove their ability to occupy that environment. This situation gradually changes throughout the course as women take a stand and have their knowledge and competence recognized to occupy that space. Despite these challenges, the female participants view this experience as positive mainly for the networking and knowledge it provides. The results of this study can help propose changes that favor greater participation of female coaches in certification courses in football and sports in general. Confederation semistructured semi structured minds environment space challenges provides general

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the internal consistency of the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire based on three studies with sports practitioners in the Brazilian college context. Methods: All the three studies i) were carried out with students enrolled in higher education and engaged in sports training by their institution (n1 = 304; n2 = 441; n3 = 310); ii) used SMS-II as an instrument for data collection; iii) used the online procedure for data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed and Cronbach's Alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (Ω), and the correlation between items were used to assess internal consistency. Results: As potentialities, five dimensions of the SMS-II presented high values of internal reliability (α and Ω > 0.60). As a limitation, the dimension of introjected regulation showed low reliability (α and Ω < 0.40) in the three studies conducted by our group. The exclusion of item 16 enabled an increase in alpha, but without achieving satisfactory reliability in Study 1 (α = 0.46) and Study 2 (α = 0.31). In Study 3, the exclusion of item 7 improved the internal reliability of the dimension (α = 0.43) also without reaching satisfactory values of internal consistency. It was not possible to identify a problematic item, given that each item had a different influence in the three studies. Conclusion: We found good values of validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the SMS-II. However, we suggest attention to the introjected regulation dimension when using the instrument in the Brazilian college context.

Resumo: Estudos sobre a saúde mental de atletas de alto rendimento vêm crescendo internacionalmente, porém a produção nacional ainda é limitada. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo mapear a produção do conhecimento sobre saúde mental desses atletas, seguindo a diretriz PRISMA para revisões sistemáticas. Encontramos aumento no número de publicações nos últimos cinco anos, com predomínio de publicações por autores de países de língua inglesa (EUA, Inglaterra/Reino Unido e Austrália) focando principalmente nos transtornos mentais mais comuns (ansiedade, depressão, distúrbio de sono, uso de álcool). Verificamos que atletas de elite têm taxas similares ou mais elevadas de transtornos mentais do que a população em geral. O esporte coletivo de invasão e o esporte individual de marca aparecem como os mais pesquisados. Este estudo avança com o debate sobre a saúde mental em atletas de alto rendimento e chama a atenção de pesquisadores, gestores e psicólogos brasileiros para essa temática.

Abstract: Studies on the mental health of elite athletes have been growing internationally. However, Brazilian contribution to this theme is still limited. This systematic review aims to map the studies on the mental health of elite athletes, following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. We found an increase in the number of publications in the last five years, with a predominance of publications by authors from English-speaking countries (USA, England/UK and Australia) focusing mainly on the most common mental disorders (anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, use of alcohol). We found that elite athletes have similar or higher rates of mental disorders than the general population. Team sports and athletic individual sports appear as the most investigated. This study advances the debate on mental health in elite athletes and draws the attention of Brazilian researchers, managers and psychologists to this theme.

Resumen: Los estudios sobre la salud mental de los deportistas de alto rendimiento han aumentado a nivel internacional, pero la producción nacional aún es limitada. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo mapear la producción de conocimiento sobre la salud mental de esos atletas siguiendo la directriz PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas. Encontramos un aumento en el número de publicaciones en los últimos cinco años, donde predominan publicaciones de autores de países de lengua inglesa (EE.UU., Inglaterra/Reino Unido y Australia) centradas principalmente en los trastornos mentales más comunes (ansiedad, depresión, desorden del sueño, consumo de alcohol). Encontramos que los atletas de élite presentan tasas similares o más elevadas de trastornos mentales que la población en general. El deporte colectivo de invasión y el deporte individual de marca aparecen como los más investigados. Este estudio avanza en el debate sobre la salud mental en deportistas de alto rendimiento y llama la atención de investigadores, gestores y psicólogos brasileños sobre este tema.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to investigate the presence of women coaches in table tennis certification courses carried out by national and international federations. Methods: We carried out an analysis on documents extracted from the official websites of the Brazilian Table Tennis Confederation (CBTM) and the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). Those documents presented the certificated coaches by each organization. We also collected information about the location of the coach according to the five macro-regions of Brazil. Results: We found a greater frequency of men (89.3%) compared to women (10.7%) in ITTF courses and, in Brazil, we also found a higher rate of men (83.7%) compared to women (16.3%) certified by CBTM. We found no increase in women's participation in ITFF courses over the years. In both national and international courses, most of the women coaches (international = 36%; national = 46.4%) were from the Southeast, while few women coaches were found in the Northeast and North. Conclusion: The findings of our study reveal that the training process of table tennis coaches is still mostly occupied by men. We also found a discrepancy between the macro-regions of the country where most women coaches are from the Southeast. CBTM managed to almost double the women's representation among coaches (from 10.7% to 16%) due to the policy that has been adopted in an attempt to increase the number of women in the sport. We highlight the importance of gender equality policies to improve women coaches’ participation in table tennis.

Abstract Aim: To analyze the concepts of mental health and illness as well as the instruments used to measure them in the elite athlete. Methods: The scoping review was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Scielo. The keywords “Mental Health” AND “Sport” AND “Athlete” were used to find studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Studies went through four stages of analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 179 records were included in this review. Results: Recent studies suggest that health and illness should not be recognized as deviations from the norm, but as a changing construct, varying on a continuum, where, at one extreme, we have health; and, at the other, we have illness even coexisting in an orthogonal way. Between the two extremes, there are degrees of psychological well-being and distress, leading from reduced functioning to effective functioning. This indicates the need for psychological support for both the maintenance and enhancement of mental health. An alarming result was that, although most of the studies investigated mental health, they used primarily instruments focused on illness. This new perspective of health-illness brings the need for the development of new instruments that encompass protective factors and symptom screening. Conclusions: We reinforce the need for a paradigm shift in relation to the mental health of elite athletes understanding it as a changing construct that should be constantly improved and/or maintained. This change led to the need for broader assessment instruments that encompass protective factors and illness symptoms.

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review aiming to critically analyze the concept of sport development and the different variables that influence this process. Methods: We restricted the search to scientific journals in the area of sports science that published studies related to the social sciences and are indexed in the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR). In total, 23 scientific journals were analyzed and the final sample of this review consisted of 65 articles. Results: Our findings highlighted that sport development is immersed in specific social, political, and economic factors that influence the extent to which different stakeholders can implement strategies and provide resources to improve participation and performance in sports. In addition to the quantitative aspect, researchers indicate the need for specific strategies that also enable the participation of women, people with disabilities, and other groups that historically have faced constraints to participate in sports. Despite the interesting criteria used to evaluate the sport development, they should be used with caution because most studies were conducted in English-speaking countries reflecting a tendency to report features only of the Western culture. Conclusion: The different stakeholders, strategies, and resources found in this review reinforce that there is no single way to develop sports, as different possibilities may be used according to the characteristics of each context. It also indicates the need to move research to unexplored fields and socio-cultural contexts to increase the reach that sport-based programs may have.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to investigate and interpret the upper limit of recorded performances in the four jumping events according to the age of the athletes. Methods: A phenomenological and its corresponding mathematical model were developed to describe the age-related upper limit of performance according to sex and competition level (national or world-class), comprising 16 groups. Our model was based on three hypothesised parameters: i) a maximum performance level (Pmax) for each jumping event; ii) the rate of performance growth which is proportional to what remains to reach Pmax (constant of proportionality K); iii) a starting age (T0) for its application. The resulting exponential mathematical model integrates the three parameters, which were quantified by fitting the model to the performance data. Results: All the 16 limit curves were efficiently fitted within the upper borders of the data over the entire analysed age range. The adequacy of the model and its hypotheses were validated through the R² of the fitted curves (mean = 0.90, max/min = 0.98/0.75), and the fitting of the 48 parameters were qualified through their 95% confidence intervals. An interpretation of the model's parameters is proposed and comparisons of the age-related performance between Brazilian and international athletes are exhibited. A linear relation between To and 1/K was observed. Conclusion: The limit curves may be used as a reference for age-related improvement in athletic performance. The comparison between the limit curves of national and world-class competition levels reveals an original tool for comparing the effectiveness of the country's infrastructures and sports policies.

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative age effect and the age of peak performance of women's football players who participated in the Olympic Games from 1996 to 2016. Methods: Birth dates, playing positions, and nationality of all players registered in women's football competition in the Olympic Games (1996 to 2016) were collected. All data used in this study were obtained from the official website of the Federation Internationale de Football Association (www.fifa.com). The sample size of the study comprised 1,203 players. Results: We found an average age of 25.1 ± 4.0 years old and a significant increase of 1.4 years in the average age from 1996 (25.0 ± 3.9 years old) to 2016 (26.4 ± 3.7 years old) (p < 0.001). The comparison of the players’ age between playing positions reveals that the goalkeepers are the oldest players (26.2 ± 4.4 years) and the forwards are the youngest players (24.4 ± 3.8 years) (p < 0.001). The RAE for women's football players showed neither effect over the years nor in different playing positions. Conclusion: We found an aging trend in women's football in the past two decades and different ages of peak performance among the playing positions. The current findings provide valuable information to coaches and professionals to program long-term training and to promote athletes’ progression towards their performance targets.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar quais variáveis quantitativas de uma partida de futebol são relacionadas à classificação de jogo bonito ou feio. A partir dos indicadores de desempenho disponíveis no site oficial da FIFA, selecionamos quatro jogos da Copa do Mundo de 2018 com características distintas. Os jogos foram assistidos por dez participantes que, em um questionário semiestruturado, apontaram os indicadores de desempenho que influenciaram o julgamento estético da partida. O jogo bonito foi associado à grande quantidade de finalizações, chances de gols e passes certos. A ausência destes mesmos indicadores foi importante para a classificação dos jogos como feios. As variáveis quantitativas identificadas nesse estudo avançam com o debate sobre futebol e estética.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the quantitative variables of a football match associated to the classification of a beautiful or ugly game. Based on the performance indicators 2018 FIFA World Cup, we selected four games with different characteristics. The games were watched by ten participants who pointed out the performance indicators that influenced the aesthetic judgment of the game. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The beautiful game was associated with a large number of shots, shots on goal and pass accuracy. The absence of these same indicators was important for classifying the games as ugly. The quantitative variables identified in this study advance the debate on football and aesthetics.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar qué variables cuantitativas de un partido de fútbol están relacionadas con la clasificación de un juego bello o feo. Hemos seleccionado cuatro juegos de la Copa Mundial 2018 con diferentes características de los indicadores de rendimiento. Los juegos fueron observados por diez voluntarios que, en un cuestionario semiestructurado, señalaron los indicadores de rendimiento que influyeron en el juicio estético del juego. El juego bello se asoció con la gran cantidad de presentaciones, posibilidades de goles y pases ciertos. La ausencia de estos mismos indicadores fue importante para clasificar los juegos como feos. Las variables cuantitativas identificadas en este estudio avanzan el debate sobre el fútbol y la estética.

Resumo A metáfora do teto de vidro é amplamente utilizada para representar os obstáculos invisíveis que impedem mulheres de progredir profissionalmente em altos cargos de liderança na gestão e no esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, analisar o uso da metáfora do teto de vidro na literatura científica nacional e propor o uso do labirinto como uma metáfora mais complexa e inclusiva. Apesar de ser majoritariamente utilizado em estudos brasileiros, o teto de vidro não representa os diferentes locais de partida e as diversas dificuldades vivenciadas por mulheres ao longo de sua trajetória profissional. A metáfora do labirinto possibilita um olhar mais complexo, considerando os diferentes caminhos percorridos por mulheres a partir de suas identidades de gênero, classe e raça.

Abstract The glass ceiling metaphor is widely disseminated and used to represent the invisible obstacles that prevent women from progressing professionally into high leadership roles in management and sport. The aim of this study was, from an integrative review, to analyze the use of the glass ceiling metaphor in the national scientific literature and to propose the use of the labyrinth as a more complex and inclusive metaphor. Despite being mostly used in Brazilian studies, the glass ceiling does not represent the different starting points and the different difficulties experienced by women throughout their professional trajectory. The labyrinth metaphor allows for a more complex look, considering the different paths taken by women based on their gender, class and race identities.

Resumen La metáfora del tejado de vidrio es ampliamente utilizada para representar los obstáculos invisibles que impiden a las mujeres progresar en el ámbito profesional y acceder a altos cargos de liderazgo en la gestión y en el deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue, a partir de una revisión, analizar el uso de la metáfora del tejado de vidrio en la literatura científica nacional y proponer el uso del laberinto como una metáfora más compleja e inclusiva. A pesar de ser mayoritariamente utilizado en estudios brasileños, el tejado de vidrio no representa los diferentes locales de partida y las diversas dificultades enfrentadas por mujeres a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. La metáfora del laberinto posibilita una mirada más compleja, considerando los diferentes caminos recorridos por mujeres a partir de sus identidades de género, clase y raza.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a participação das mulheres nos cargos de comissão técnica e de arbitragem no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino desde a primeira edição da competição, em 2013, até o ano de 2019. Analisamos a quantidade de mulheres atuantes como treinadoras, auxiliares técnicas, preparadoras físicas, massagistas, treinadoras de goleiras, fisioterapeutas e médicas. Também coletamos informações sobre o quarteto de arbitragem. Verificamos um predomínio (~86%) de homens em cargos de comissão técnica com um lento aumento da participação de mulheres. As mulheres parecem ter maior inserção nos cargos de comissão de arbitragem. Encontramos 39% de mulheres atuando como árbitras principais e 59% como árbitras assistentes. Verificamos que a participação de mulheres nos cargos de comissão técnica e de arbitragem no Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino aumentou vagarosamente nos últimos anos, mas que a situação permanece de desigualdade.

Abstract This study analyzes female participation in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women’s Football Championship since its first edition in 2013 until 2019. We analyzed the number of women coaches, assistant coaches, physical trainers, massage therapists, goalkeeper coaches, physiotherapists, and doctors. We also collected data about referees. We found male predominance (~86%) in coaching positions with a slow increase in the number of women over the years. Female presence seemed to be higher in referee positions. We found 39% of women working as referees and 59% as assistant referees. We noted that their participation in coaching and referee positions in the Brazilian Women’s Football Championship has been slowly increasing in recent years, but gender inequality remains in leadership and visibility positions.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la participación de las mujeres en los cargos de comisión técnica y arbitraje en el Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol Femenino desde su primera edición, en 2013, hasta el año 2019. Analizamos el número de mujeres que actúan como entrenadoras, auxiliares técnicas, preparadoras físicas, masajistas, entrenadoras de porteras, fisioterapeutas y médicas. También recopilamos informaciones sobre el cuarteto de arbitraje. Encontramos un predominio (~86%) de hombres en cargos de comisión técnica, con un lento aumento de la participación de mujeres. Las mujeres parecen tener mayor inserción en los cargos de comisión de arbitraje. Encontramos un 39% de mujeres que actúan como árbitras principales y un 59% como árbitras asistentes. Constatamos que la participación de mujeres en los cargos de comisión técnica y arbitraje en el Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol Femenino ha aumentado lentamente en los últimos años, pero que la situación aún es de desigualdad en lo que se refiere a la ocupación de posiciones de liderazgo y visibilidad.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram (1) caracterizar pacientes pós-AVC em relação à habilidade motora (HM), sintomas depressivos (SD) e função cognitiva (FC); (2) realizar comparações desses aspectos entre sexo, idade, nível de atividade física; e (3) correlacioná-los com o tempo pós-AVC. Avaliamos 135 sujeitos com idade média de 60 (±15) anos e tempo médio pós-AVC de 17 meses. Foram usados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Protocolo de Habilidade Motora de Fugl-Meyer (HM), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (SD) e Mini Exame do Estado Mental (FC). O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparação entre sexo, idade e prática de atividade física. O coeficiente de Spearman para verificar a correlação entre o tempo pós-AVC e as variáveis analisadas (HM, SD e FC). O grupo obteve uma média de 118,19 (±30,45) para HM, 9,93 (±7,14) para SD e de 21,7 (±5,43) para FC. Além disso, nossos resultados mostram que as mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de sintomas depressivos do que os homens, pacientes maiores de 50 anos apresentaram pior escore para FC. Não houve diferenças significativas entre pacientes praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física em relação à habilidade motora, sintomas depressivos e função cognitiva. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o tempo pós-AVC e as variáveis analisadas. Nossos resultados contribuem para o planejamento e ações que busquem a melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was (1) to characterize post-stroke patients according to motor skills (MS), depressive symptoms (DS) and cognitive function (CF), (2) compare these aspects according to sex, age, level of physical activity and (3) correlate them to time after stroke. We evaluated 135 subjects with mean age of 60 (± 15) years and 17 months post-stroke time. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (MA), Beck Depression Inventory (DS) and Mini Mental State Examination (CF). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare sexes, ages and physical activity practice. The Spearman coefficient was used to verify the correlation between post-stroke time and the variables analyzed (MA, DS and CF). The group obtained an average of 118.19 (± 30.45) to MA, 9.93 (± 7.14) for DS and 21.7 (± 5.43) to CF. The results showed that women presented higher levels of depressive symptoms than men, patients older than 50 years presented lower scores for CF. There were no significant differences between sedentary and non-sedentary patients with regard to motor skills, depressive symptoms and cognitive function. No significant correlations were found between time and the variables analyzed. Our results will contribute to action and planning which seeks to improve the patient’s quality of life.

RESUMEN Los objetivos de este estudio fueran (1) caracterizar a los pacientes después del accidente cerebrovascular en relación con las habilidades motoras (HM), síntomas depresivos (DS) y la función cognitiva (CF), (2) hacer comparaciones de estos aspectos en cuanto al sexo, edad, nivel de actividad física y (3) correlacionar con el tiempo post-AVC. Se evaluaron 135 sujetos con edad media de 60 (± 15) años y tiempo medio post-AVC de 17 meses. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Protocolo de Habilidad Motora de Fugl-Meyer (HM), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (SD) y Mini Examen del Estado Mental (FC). La prueba Mann-Whitney fue utilizada para la comparación entre sexo, edad y práctica de actividad física. El coeficiente de Spearman fue utilizado para verificar la correlación entre el tiempo post-AVC y las variables analizadas (HM, SD y FC). El grupo obtuvo una media de 118,19 (± 30,45) para HM, 9,93 (± 7,14) para SD y de 21,7 (± 5,43) para FC. Además, nuestros resultados muestran que las mujeres presentan mayores niveles de síntomas depresivos que los hombres; los pacientes mayores de 50 años presentaron peor escore para FC. No hubo diferencias significativas entre pacientes practicantes y no practicantes de actividad física en relación con la habilidad motora, síntomas depresivos y función cognitiva. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el tiempo post-AVC y las variables analizadas. Los resultados contribuyen a la planificación y acciones que busquen la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

RESUMO Déficits na habilidade motora e presença de sintomas depressivos são comuns em pacientes pós-AVC. Assim, é necessário compreender como estas variáveis interagem entre si. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar esta relação em pacientes pós-AVC isquêmico. Participaram 135 sujeitos, com idade média de 60 anos (± 15). Foi utilizado o protocolo de desempenho motor Fugl Meyer para verificar a habilidade motora dos membros superiores, inferiores, equilíbrio e sensibilidade e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck para verificar os sintomas depressivos. Foi realizada a análise de Spearman para verificar a relação entre os dois componentes. Os sintomas depressivos se correlacionaram negativamente com todas as variáveis da habilidade motora. Assim, a maior habilidade motora implicou em menores sintomas depressivos. Portanto, compreender como as sequelas pós-AVC se relacionam auxilia no melhor tratamento e atendimento ao paciente, contribuindo para melhorar sua qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Deficits in motor skills and depressive symptoms are common effects observed after stroke, so it is necessary to understand how these variables interact with each other. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two variables in post-ischemic stroke patients. We evaluated 135 patients with a mean age of 60 years (± 15). The Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function was used to assess motor skills in the upper limbs, lower limbs, balance, and sensitivity and the Beck Depression Inventory was applied to evaluate depressive symptoms. To assess the relationship between both components, Spearman's correlation was performed. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with all variables of motor skills. This study suggests that higher motor skills in post-stroke patients may be associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, a better understanding of how post-stroke symptoms are interrelated may improve patient treatment and care, contributing to a better quality of life.

Abstract Aims: The specific aims of this study were to characterize player turnover on FIFA Women’s World Cup (1991-2015), and to explore the relationship between the turnover rate and team performance. Methods: We analyzed the seven national teams that participated in all of the seasons of the women’s World Cup: Brazil, Germany, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. The full name of the players was used to analyze which athlete was maintained or substituted from a season to another. The names of the players were retrieved from the official FIFA website. Player turnover was measured by the percentage of players that were on a team in one season and were not on the roster on the following edition. The performance was measured by the final classification of the teams. Results: The results showed that most players participated only in one season of the championship. An average rate of 53% of player turnover per team was found by edition, which represents, approximately, 13 substituted athletes. Medalist teams showed lower player turnover (48%) compared to the non-medalist teams (57%) (p-value=0.0305; ES=0.69). Furthermore, teams that were classified for the quarterfinals decreased player turnover in the next season (p-value=0.0408, ES=0.89), maintaining a good performance (χ²=4.114, p-value=0.042). We could not find any influence of higher turnover rates on team performance (χ²=0.535, p-value=0.464). Conclusion: The present study found that lower rates of player turnover may be beneficial for team performance in the FIFA Women’s World Cup. When successful teams decrease their turnover rate, sports performance seems to be maintained.

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo mapear a produção de artigos científicos nacionais sobre futebol e futsal feminino. Analisamos 38 periódicos da área da Educação Física, indexados pela Qualis Capes na área 21, que publicam estudos relacionados a esportes. Os 76 artigos encontrados foram enquadrados em nove categorias e divididos por ano de publicação. Os resultados mostraram que as primeiras publicações ocorreram no final da década de 1990, com um aumento significativo a partir do ano de 2008. Nesse mesmo período foi criada a Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, principal veículo de publicação sobre as modalidades. Encontramos uma distribuição homogênea de homens e mulheres como primeiros autores, sendo a coautoria majoritariamente masculina. Verificamos que os estudos sobre gênero representam, aproximadamente, um terço de toda a publicação sobre as modalidades. Esse resultado reforça a importância da discussão sobre o empoderamento feminino para o desenvolvimento do futebol e futsal feminino.

Abstract This study analyzes Brazilian articles on women’s football and futsal. It examined 38 national Physical Education journals indexed under Qualis Capes in area 21, which publish sports-related studies. We found 76 articles that were classified in nine categories and divided by year of publication. The results showed that the first publications occurred at the end of the 90’s and a significant increase took place after 2008. The Brazilian Journal of Futsal and Football - the main journal on those sports - was created in the same period. We found a homogeneous distribution between male and female first authors while co-authorship was mostly male. Gender studies represent about one third of all articles on women’s football. This reinforces the importance of the discussion about women’s empowerment for female football and futsal development.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo mapear y analizar la producción de artículos científicos brasileños sobre fútbol y futsal femenino. Buscamos las publicaciones en 38 periódicos nacionales del área de Educación Física que publican estudios relacionados al deporte. Los 76 artículos encontrados fueron encuadrados en 9 categorías y divididos por año de publicación. Los resultados mostraron que las primeras publicaciones ocurrieron a finales de la década de 1990, con un aumento significativo a partir del año 2008. En ese mismo período se creó la Revista Brasileña de Fútbol Sala y Fútbol, principal vehículo de publicación sobre la modalidad. Encontramos una distribución homogénea entre primeros autores hombres y mujeres, aunque la coautoría es mayoritariamente masculina. Verificamos que los estudios sobre género representan, aproximadamente, un tercio de toda la publicación sobre la modalidad. Este resultado refuerza la importancia de la discusión sobre el empoderamiento femenino para el desarrollo del fútbol y futsal femenino.